They come in many colors, not just the typical black that you think of. Yellow sticky traps are another non-toxic way to control flea beetles. When treating your home and pets for fleas, you want to be sure that the methods adopted arent harmful or pose health risks. Other Cultural Methods 1.) Flea beetles prefer Brassicaceae plants. We'll share how to identify flea beetles and the damage they do, plus cheap and easy flea beetle control options. How to Control Flea Beetles on your Eggplant 1. A typical non-poisonous spider bite will commonly present as a raised welt like a big mosquito bite. Youll need to know how to apply. The exception to this is the spinach flea beetle that grows to 1/4 inches (6.35 mm) long. Insecticidal soaps work well to kill flea beetles on your plants. Using a ratio of 1:10 have this neem oil treatment massaged over your dogs body. Diatomaceous earth is one of the easiest ways to get rid of flea beetles on your plants. Therefore, only take action when theres an increase in number of beetles in your sticky traps. When you apply Neem oil to the soil early enough, it eliminates the grubs - beetle's eggs. However, it has to make direct contact to work. Neem oil spray: Neem oil applied to the foliage of many garden plants keeps away a host of pests . The larva will last for about 20 days while the pupal stage lasts 1-4 days. There are many recipes online for you to use as guidance. Also nasturtium and Cleome Main symptoms Small rounded holes in the foliage, especially on seedlings. Subscribe to my newsletter and receive your printable dandelion jelly labels as a free welcome gift! The larva look like tiny white grubs in the soil. Both the leaves and berries are edible. To spray neem oil to deter squash bugs and cucumber beetles, mix your water and dish soap in the sprayer to create a soapy solution, then pour your neem oil into the sprayer and mix well. Some species have stripes. Microctonus vittatae is a native braconid wasp. While I was thinking, I got an email from Dominic of Better Bilt, Read More 5 Reasons the Vine Spine is the Best Garden TrellisContinue, Do you enjoy trying new plants in the garden? Yet, there are several ways to make an attempt. However, this doesnt rule out the possibility of allergies developing. It itches and may burn, Read More Spider Bites 6 Natural Treatments + Tips to Avoid Getting BitContinue. Now, do not rinse immediately. You must also understand that your treatment needs to be strong enough to have the exterminating effect required. Keep the edges well sealed so the pests cant sneak in is also very important. Flea beetles usually dont cause fatal damage to established plants, because the leaves are already large enough to survive a few holes. You can also use talcum powder its great smell repels beetles. Neem oil repels and deters most insects by disrupting the feeding abilities of the adults and the eating ability and growth of the larvae. Eggplant is a hot weather crop. A few beetles are no match for a vigorously growing plant. About 2 to 3 teaspoons of neem oil should be added to your regular pet dog shampoo. In a recent research published in the Journal of Economic Entomology, eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula) can cause up to 60% leaf damage with an equivalent of 40 60% loss in yield. However, you should only spray . The most reliable method on how to get rid of flea beetles is with an insecticidal dust. Subscribe to my newsletter and receive your 4 day email series to get your garden started right! Insect chewed leaves may even be more nutritious. Organic insecticides rarely performed better than the no spray control. Phyllotreta pusilla, 'Western black flea beetle' These small beetles are a shiny black color, and tend to live in the western United States. It lives in both the eastern and Pacific regions of the United States. Apply Hb Beneficial Nematodes once adults emerge in spring to kill larvae in the soil. Flea Beetle: Organic Control Options. Beetles are drawn to more than 300 plants. Botanical pesticides recommended for controlling flea beetles include neem, rotenone, pyrethrin, sabadilla, and formulations of these in some combination (Ellis and Bradley, 1992). If you want to keep your potato harvest organic, neem oil is the way to go. This shiny beetle is black with crescent-shaped off-white stripes along its sides. Before they are attacked, they are already too strong and can withstand minor damage. Makes a great dormant spray and imparts a healthy shine to hardy leaf surfaces. But left untreated it doesnt take long for flea beetles to completely defoliate a young plant. There are lots of neem oil alternatives that can be used for flea elimination. gallon of water and spray all leaf surfaces until soaked wet. During the season, they will be often found feeding together on the same host plants. They will eat many plants but their favorite vegetables are cabbage, kale, broccoli, collards, turnips, radishes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, potatoes, beans, and corn. When the larva has finished growing they then pupate for 7 to 9 days before emerging as an adult to start the pest cycle over again. You dont have to worry about the environmental impact because spinosad is broken down rapidly by sunlight. This gives them wild plants to feed on and your vegetables may be less of a temptation. Adults cause the most damage by chewing irregular rounded holes or pock marks in the leaves. Read More The 5 Easiest Vegetables to Store (Perfect for Home Gardens)Continue, Im sure most of us who garden have wished for an extra set of hands at one time or another, or ended up carrying a load of produce in your shirt or misplacing a hand tool. Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs , green lacewing and minute pirate . Flexibility in this sense involves assorted mixing ratios or doses. Looking closely, you spot black little insects at the base of your plant and some on the foliage surface. About 2 to 3 teaspoons should be added and worked into your pets fur. Entomopathogenic nematodes. They should be a staple in every vegetable garden, or stock up item from the farmers market. The most effective option is to purchase seed that has been treated with systemic insecticides (Gaucho, Cruiser, or Poncho). It also has a residual effect, so you don't have to spray it directly on the bugs. Apply any of the other commonly sold pesticides that are labeled as being effective against flea beetles. I am not a 100% organic g. For daily peeks into our adventures in homesteading, follow us on - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/notquiteahomestead- Twitter: https://twitter.com/NQAHomestead- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NotQuiteAHomestead/ Now that our garden is well established, I haven't had to treat them in years. Spray some on ONE PLANT to test in case it damages the plant. Eggplant flea beetles overwinter as adults in leaf litter, soil, or debris near their host plants. Insecticidal soap is a traditional way of managing pests in the garden. Mint oil and the plants that contain it are excellent natural pest repellants Broad use categories include hair treatments, skin treatments, as well as for teeth and oral treatments. Some folks recommend floating row covers to reduce flea beetle damage. There are other measures to take in making your treatment more effective. However, it does not readily spread from leaves to the rest of the plant. Consistent applications are necessary because of the mobility of the pests. I have written a comprehensive article that explains in detailing which plants attract which beneficial bugs. You can use any carrier oil you choose. Multiple applications may be necessary to have comprehensive results. (Most greenhouse kits recommend a concrete slab foundation, or railroad, Read More Build a Secure Greenhouse Foundation That Preserves Your Growing SpaceContinue, This year Ive been experimenting with tomatoes in containers in the greenhouse, and was wondering how to build a tomato trellis that I could move with the containers. Learn my multi-pronged flea beetle control method here. Any Amazon purchase you make returns a percentage of sales back to NQAH with no additional cost to you! If you notice shallow pits and small rounded, irregular holes (usually less than 1/8th inch) in the leaves, it is almost always a sure sign that your plants have been infested by flea beetles. When applied to leaves, some spinosad can be absorbed. Flea beetles spend the winter in the adult stage, hidden under leaves, dirt clods or in other protected sites. There are many natural ways to get rid of flea beetles in your garden. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Plant trap crops like radish and mustard near your tomato garden to draw these pests away. They eat anything from veggies and fruits to decorative flowers and ornamentals. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Depending on temperature, there could be more than one generation of flea beetles per growing season. Their leaves and root systems are larger and the plant has the ability to regrow quickly. Will neem oil kill fleas? This organic powder can cut through their shell and kill the beetles when they are active on your plants. Subscribe to my newsletter and receive your printable fall garden chores cheatsheet as a free welcome gift! Also, the strength of your neem oil insecticide might not be sufficient enough to kill all fleas. Neem oil and some horticultural oils are also effective at repelling flea beetles. Mix all of the ingredients. In such a situation, youll have to discontinue its use. You want your neem oil flea treatment to have the most impact on targeted pests. Flea beetles seem to come out of know where, but thats because they over winter in garden debris and come out in the spring when temperatures warm up. Rotenone is another natural control. But don't worry you can get rid of flea beetles naturally without using harsh chemicals in your garden. There are flea beetles that eat specific plants in the garden, and there are some that feast on a range of different plants. Insecticides containing carbaryl, permethrin, spinosad, or bifenthrin are also effective against adult beetles. Common pests treated with this oil include thrips, aphids, fungus gnats, spider mites, worms, beetles, destructive caterpillars, and mealybugs. Their bodies are an off white color with a brown head. If you have not been fortunate enough to have enjoyed success at preventing flea beetles and find yourself with an infestation, you can address it through either application of pesticides or by other methods: Apply Neem oil, which is organic. Such actions include regularly vacuuming your carpets and hot water laundry for infested fabrics. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Im a life long homesteader teaching old-fashioned skills to help you live a simple life no matter where you live. One of the clear benefits of neem oil is its pest repellent properties which is why its added to lots of insecticide products. Are you wondering how to get rid of flea beetles in your garden? Although neem oil can kill off the nymphs of certain hard-bodied bugs-such as leaf-footed bugs, squash bugs, and stink bugs-it works best against soft-bodied insects such as aphids, psyllids, scales, spider mites, and whiteflies. Also known as Margosa oil, neem oil is derived from the seeds and fruits of the evergreen neem tree. At the first sign of flea beetles in your garden, turn to a trusted pesticide such as Sevin brand for help. They lay their eggs at the base of solanaceous plants, typically the same plants the adults are feeding on. They derive their name from their well-developed hind legs; when disturbed, they jump like fleas. It can be a serious pest when growing conditions are poor and plants are making slow growth. I'm a participant in the amazon associate program which means I'll earn a small commission (at no extra cost to you) when you buy through some of the links on this website, in which case I thank you. As we have already seen, adults lay eggs in the soil or debris around the host plant. Flea beetles are tiny, hard-shelled pests that are known for their jumping behavior when they get scared or threatened. You can attract flea beetles using radishes as a trap crop. Test out the mixture on a leaf of the plant, let it sit overnight, then spray the rest of the plant if you don't notice any adverse effects. How to Kill Flea Beetles Naturally Such limitations will come in the form of neem oil concentrations and application methods. Among them are: Microcotonus vittage and big-eyed bugs. Adult flea beetles emerge from overwintering sites in spring (March-May) when the air temperature reaches 15-20C (Lamb 1984). The most common flea beetles in North America are: Flea beetles overwinter in garden debris, brush, and wooded areas. Adult flea beetles feed on foliage (leaves). This post may contain affiliate links which wont change your price but will share some commission. Neem oil extract or pyrethrins sprays can be used to control most beetles. Neem oil is an extremely effective and cheap protection for stored beans, cowpeas, and other legumes. 2. These fellows and ladies are not just innocently hitching a ride. There are lots of possible reasons for that. Mix together 5 cups of water, 2 cups isopropyl alcohol, and 1 tablespoon liquid soap to spray bottle and spray affected plants. Attracting Beneficial Insects to Help Your Garden Thrive, How to Get Rid of Fleas (Non-Toxic, Pet Safe Options), Natural Tick Repellents and Easy Tick Control Tips, Natural Spider Repellents 8 Ways to Get Rid of Spiders, Natural Mosquito Repellents That Work (Plus Plants That Repel Mosquitoes), 6 Ways to Get the Musty Smell Out of Clothes and Towels, Never Buy Bread Again The Bread Book for Beginning Bakers. It's best to spot the pest at the egg or larval stage, as it's estimated that up to 75 percent of the damage occurs before the larvae mature into adult beetles. How To Grow Sage: Tips For Caring For Sage Plants, Crucifer flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae), Spinach flea beetle (Disonycha xanthomelas). As an Amazon Associate and member of other affiliate programs, I earn from qualifying purchases. This organic powder can cut through their shell and kill the beetles when they are active on your plants. You have the freedom to go with what works best for you. And if so whats the threshold. Diatomaceous earth (DE) can effectively control several plant pests including flea beetles. ), Neem oil sprays will also reduce flea beetle numbers. Adults pose the biggest threat early in the planting season. Try side dressing plants with compost, or foliar feeding with fish emulsion, compost tea or worm tea. Using good control methods during the growing season will lower the number that can overwinter in your garden. Pyrethrin-based insecticide is a safe and effective way to control these pests on vegetables, grapes, raspberries, flowers, roses, trees and shrubs. The more concentrated, the better. Naturally derived spinosad and permethrin are two control agents that can provide some assistance in eradicating the beetles. Both will need to reapplied after a rain. Thyme leaves can help repel fleas and many other pests that are bothering you indoors as well as outdoors. Screening can help in keeping the flea beetles away from your young plants. The turnip flea beetle or yellow-striped flea beetle ( Phyllotreta nemorum) is another species specialized at feeding on brassica. If youre having doubts about the efficacy of this natural oil, youll need to find out more by reading to the end. Organic Neem Oil Spray - 1 tsp neem oil and 1/4 tsp dish soap to 1 quart water; Neem Oil: We also deter feeding by adult beetles by spraying plants with Neem oil. Use on virtually any plant, including roses, flowers, vegetables, herbs, spices, houseplants, trees, turf, and shrubs. Corn Flea Beetle is a black, pinhead-sized (about 1/16 inch) insect that feeds on all types of corn. Subscribe to my newsletter and receive your snowman face template as a free welcome gift! It also masks the scent of your crop, repelling the adult bugs. Thank you so much! The damage is most harmful to young seedlings that dont have enough leaves or root systems to help them recover from the feeding. An eggplant flea beetle has at least two generations per year, and can complete its life cycle from the egg to adult in 3045 days. Now, slowly lather and leave for about 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing. In terms of the pests killed by neem oil, a lot of these cannot be exhausted here. As soon as you transplant your vegetables into the garden cover them with a bug netting. If you prefer dusts, Sevin Insect Killer Dust Ready to Use . Especially if those plants are radishes. Do not waste your time applying neem, pyrethrum, or using a vacuum, which don't work for this pest. The traditional organic approach to controlling flea beetles has been to resort to the application of an organic pesticide such as pyrethrins or rotenone. You can buy pure neem oil and dilute it with water. . Neem oil is extracted from the neem plant and when diluted in water is a potent insecticide. dust plants with talc or fine clay to repel flea beetles. Young, tender seedlings are the most vulnerable. As with any oils natural or otherwise you should test it on a small area of your plant before spraying the whole thing down. Here are the top 20 insect and flea repelling plants. Control of corn flea beetle is only needed until the 7-leaf stage. It does leave a taste on the leaves that most garden pests dislike. Examples have been provided above for you to follow. It can take a few days before you notice the beetles dying off. One of the ways to apply neem oil treatments to your flea issues is by adding some of it to your pets shampoo. Spray in the morning or in the evening. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Install traps Most insects also dislike the taste of soap on the plant leaves and may go elsewhere to feed. The Sierra Club of Canada recommends combining 1 cup of vegetable oil with 1 tablespoon of dish-washing. All flea beetles jump, and can jump up to a foot (about 30cm). To ensure the pest is eradicated, spray a few times during the gardening season. Sustainable Agriculture A program of the National Center for Appropriate Technology 1-800-346-9140 www.attra.ncat.org Flea Beetle: Organic Control Options. Reapply as needed throughout the growing season once . The berries are bland,, Read More Strawberry Spinach Easy Care Salad Green with Edible BerriesContinue, Spider bites are generally uncomfortable but not dangerous, and may bedifficult to confirm as spider bites because they look similar to other bug bites and the spider wasnt caught in the act. Never Buy Bread Again has over twenty bread recipes for all occasions, plus troubleshooting for common baking problems and tips on how to store your bread. Heres What to Do, The Definitive Guide to Christmas Cactus Care, 21 Common Name of Weeds: The Complete List (with Pictures), How to Get Rid of Aphids Permanently (Easily and Naturally), 9 Types of Peonies for All Gardens (With Pictures), Complete Beginners Guide to African Violet Care, 13 Easy Tips for Growing Bell Peppers in Pots, A Comprehensive List of Begonia Types (with Pictures), 19 Acid Loving Plants: The Ultimate List (with Pictures). Once there are more wild plants naturally growing outside your garden vegetables will be less of a temptation. Neem Oil There are many natural predators of flea beetles including braconid wasps and tachinid flies. Talcum powder is used the same way. These veggies are on my must plant list, because they require little or no processing and last reliably for months. Your regular vacuuming routine can be made more effective by incorporating the baking soda. Required fields are marked *, document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "afd6f21ac3794515d3d6c0c622e0e632" );document.getElementById("b4f367d558").setAttribute( "id", "comment" );Comment *. Learn my multi-pronged flea beetle control method here. Neem oil works more slowly than pyrethrins - the way it works is by disrupting the hormones in the insects, making them feed less and gradually die off. They can also be very hard to control. The dark grub-like larvae chew on the underside of leaves but avoid the larger leaf veins, producing a type of injury pattern known as skeletonizing (Figure 2). . You should wait until the soil temperature is at least 70F. If you put them in too early you are asking for problems. Harvest-Guard can be used as a physical barrier to keep beetles and grubs from damaging plants. You can plant some radish earlier than your eggplant. I thought it was beyond hope, but thankfully, I was wrong. The larva is a tiny, cream-colored worms 1/8 to 1/3 of an inch (3.17 to 8.46 mm) long. alternatives that can be used for flea elimination, 7 Powerful Bed Bug Sprays For Travel And Luggage. Your email address will not be published. Neem oil will readily kill fleas when applied properly. Since flea beetles emerge early in the spring and can migrate into seedling canola fields rapidly, insecticide-coated seed treatments are the most effective means of flea beetle control 6, 16, 17. It has been used for hundreds of years to control pests and diseases. Flea beetles are naturally attracted to tall growing plants. Kaolin clay controls beetles, but may stick on the fruit. Use a piece of bright yellow plastic card covered with the goo. Subscribe to my newsletter and receive your scarecrow face template as a free welcome gift! But there are many ways you can control them in your vegetable garden including row covers, diatomaceous earth, and neem oil. The flea beetle larvae feed on the roots of plants (near the ground) until fully grown and ready to pupate. The flea beetle is approximately 1/16-1/4 inch long, depending on the type. Placing these traps around your plants will catch flea beetles that land on them while jumping from plant to plant. No, although they look similar to the fleas you find on dogs and cats they are completely different creatures. It is easier to control the beetles when on radish than the eggplant. You can get DE here. Plants like thyme, catnip, mint, dill, chamomile, clover, anise, and marigolds are excellent for attracting parasitic wasps and many others that feed on pests. We use neem oil as an organic way to manage most of the pests in our garden, and this is no ex. Stored-Product Insects. This injury can also stunt the growth of the plant or even kill seedlings. Also, remove the bright yellow eggs laid in clusters on the undersides of leaves. 2. Blogging at Homestead Acres she enjoys sharing tips to help you save money, grow and preserve your own food. The real danger is that the beetles can spread bacterial diseases from plant to plant. By George Kuepper, This publication focuses on organic control of fl ea beetles, one of the more serious vegetable crop pests.NCAT Agriculture Cultural and biological options are discussed along . Watch for tiny, hopping bugs. It is. Although its useful for pest treatments, there are lots of other uses. One simple way to protect your plants is to delay planting by a few weeks. Larvae chew their way out through the hosts skin when they mature. Depending on the number of beetle, you might have to replace the card or clean it. Simply sprinkle a little over your plants and on the soil around them. Flea beetles are most active in spring when adults emerge and their feeding can severely damage seedling plants. These insecticides are effective against corn flea beetles and the protection lasts until the 5th true leaf stage. When my seedlings are strong and healthy, damage is usually minor. One degree-day is 1 degree above the insect's lower threshold temperature maintained for a full day. This use alone exemplifies the economic importance of further developing the neem tree for pest control. After sitting for about 5 to 10 minutes, wash off or rinse your pets fur. As they continue feeding, they can completely defoliate a plant, eating all the leaves. Drip the vegetable oil and neem oil into your bucket. But most importantly, evidence suggests that spinosad has little or no effect on honey bees and other beneficial insects after sprays have dried. Floating row covers can also be used to protect your plants from flea beetles. I like using coffee grounds for flea beetle control because they are cheap and easy to apply. If your eggplant leaves are getting 100's of small holes then you probably have a flea beetle infestation. Start by monitoring using sticky traps Place yellow sticky traps in your garden to see if you have flea beetles. It can also kill many pests when sprayed directly on them as it coats their body making it hard for insects to breathe. They are tiny around 1/16 to 1/8 inch long so you may see the damage before you see the bugs. Neem is effective and generally won't harm your potato plants when used correctly. Visit myAmazon storeto find all my favorite gardening, homesteading tools, and gadgets plus all of my printed garden books and journals! The adults emerge from the soil after pupation and seek host plants. Spraying plant leaves with neem oil can get rid of flea beetles and discourage them from feeding on the leaves. Simply sprinkle a little over your plants and on the soil around them. When using on pets, its best to seek advice from a vet on pet safety. Kim Mills is a homeschooling mom of 6 and lives on an urban homestead in Ontario, Canada. Flea beetles have been absolutely devastating our eggplants!!! Flea beetles can be a worse pest in the early spring when they have little to feed on naturally. Neem kills and repels about 200 kinds of pests including whiteflies, flea beetles, caterpillars, mites, and aphids. Neem oil is what I personally use. While organic, this is still a pesticide that has to be handled carefully and can kill non-targeted insects including the beneficial ones that we want to keep around the garden. Dusting leaves with plain talcum powder repels flea beetles on tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and other plants. We thought that the aluminum frame would be rigid enough that our greenhouse foundation could be a simple heavy wooden frame on the ground. Neem oil use also extends to the treatment of cancer, pet care, general health improvement, and garden use among several others. This post may contain affiliate links, my full disclosure can be read here. Therefore, only take action when there's an increase in number of beetles in your sticky traps. Cultural Controls Some folks recommend floating row covers to reduce flea beetle damage. tb1234. The biggest danger caused by these beetles is the bacterial diseases they spread while feeding. Please leave a comment on the blog or share a photo on Instagram. There are a few holes in leaves, but the plants keep growing and I can ignore the beetles. It's a common ingredient in commercial pesticides and is found in many forms like granules, powder or liquid. If the beetles or larva are already in the soil before you cover it, this won't do much good. I don't have to worry about breathing the dust, and they keep working even when it rains. Flea Beetle Control: Sticky traps, dish soap spray, talcum powder, pyrethrin, row covers; Flea Beetle Predators: Birds, braconid wasp, tachinid fly, lacewing; Most Common Flea . The eggs are laid in the spring as soon as the adults emerge from overwintering and are laid throughout the season. After hatching, the larva burrow into the ground and feed on root hairs. manually remove weeds around the garden to limit food sources for the flea beetles. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Dust your plants with it (it's safe for humans) or sprinkle it around your plants to control or eliminate flea beetle populations. This non-toxic powder will kill the beetles and deter new ones from coming onto your plants. . Ferti-Neem Oil; Ferti-Organics Karanja Oil; Biorepel (Garlic Oil) Neemix 4.5 (Botanical) Various Oils: Trilogy, Tritek, Ecotec, Cedar; Soaps: Des-X Baking soda helps with dehydration. Spray your tomato plants with your homemade insecticidal soap. When outdoor temperatures reach 50F (10C), the adults are active and lay eggs in the soil, roots, and sometimes on leaves or flowers. Adult flea beetles will survive the winter (overwinter) in the soil, or in brush or wooded areas. And it is also adept at flying. For the most part, neem oil treatments are considered safe for both humans and pets. This isnt to say that neem oil has no exterminating effect on fleas. Try to delay your plantings by a few weeks. Were most concerned about its effect on a particular type of pest; fleas. How to Get Rid of Flea Beetles. We appreciate it!Neem Oil: https://amzn.to/2Y7zI1Q360 degree spray bottle: https://amzn.to/2WVc3owNeem oil at the Rusted Garden: https://www.therustedgarden.com/products/copy-of-8-ounces-of-cold-pressed-neem-oil-for-chewing-insects-1Lets Get Social! Sevin Insect Killer Ready to Use 2 kills flea beetles on listed vegetables on contact to help prevent damage to tender seedlings and maturing plants at the first sign of trouble. Flea beetles . If you have biting fleas, please see How to Get Rid of Fleas (Non-Toxic, Pet Safe Options). NEEM OIL RTU QT All-purpose insecticide, miticide, and fungicide for organic gardening. Food grade diatomaceous earth works really well to control flea beetles. These garden pests will eat most garden vegetables including tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and other plants. These include toothpaste, cosmetics, soaps, and pet shampoos.
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