The decreased TPC of extract was observed but appeared to be the non-significant change (p-value=0.33) compared to the initial content (data not shown). 2 presents the viability of cells treated with extract, sinapic acid, theophylline, kojic acid, and vitamin C. The similar cell viability results were observed in B16F10 melanoma cells and human skin fibroblasts. Uses. The satisfaction scores for base and PE gels were comparable in the mild aging group, whereas those were different in the moderate aging group. Introduction. The remarkable decline in melanin content and melanogenic enzyme activities was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. McDaniel D., Farris P., Valacchi G. Atmospheric skin agingcontributors and inhibitors. amla. 3 presents the melanogenesis assay of extract and sinapic acid compared with theophylline and kojic acid. UPLC analysis was performed on an ACQUITY H-Class system equipped with an ACQUITY UPLC PDA e detector using a BEH C18 1.7m column (2.1100mm). Anti-aging pharmacology: promises and pitfalls. Thiruvambady P.O, Amla Botanical name is Emblica Officinalis. The flowers are pollinated by Bees. A plant species of the family EUPHORBIACEAE. 4 demonstrates the antioxidant activity of extract, sinapic acid, and vitamin C compared with solvent control and oxidative control (H2O2). Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. 2021 Sep; 11(5): 390399. In addition to its tonic and re-juvenating function, it has its . Fruit also sun-dried and stored for future use. It is said to be the very first tree that originated on earth, as claimed by age-old Indian mythology. Cytotoxicity assay in (a) B16F10 melanoma cells and (b) human skin fibroblasts treated with amla branch extract (PE), sinapic acid (SiA), theophylline (TP), kojic acid (KJ), and vitamin C (VC) at 0.00011mg/mL indicates the significant difference from the control (p<0.05, p<0.001). All parts of the plant are used in the herbal preparations, including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers, according to Wikipedia. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Send Inquiry. Leaves simple, alternate. Phyllanthus emblica, also known as emblic, emblic myrobalan, myrobalan, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, or amla from Sanskrit amalika is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. Hydrogen peroxide is used to cause damage by cell membrane leakage and DNA damage.45 Sinapic acid, a major component, together with other phenolic acids in extract may synergistically act on the anti-skin aging effects.1,29,47 The significantly increased skin hydration after treatment with base and PE gels was found only in the moderate aging group. The mixture was mixed and incubated for 1h. The absorbance was measured. Emblica officinalis. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. Browse 2,939 phyllanthus emblica stock photos and images available, or search for amla to find more great stock photos and pictures. In Stock. It is photographed in Eastren ghats of Andhra pradesh India. The clinical efficacy study of gel containing extract was evaluated in 20 volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial. Phyllanthus, very large genus of flowering trees, shrubs, and herbs of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) that contains among its 650 species some of ornamental value and others with interesting botanical adaptations. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features The percent of MMP-2 inhibitory activity was calculated in compared to solvent control.31, Base gel composing of water, propylene glycol, glycerin, hydroxyethyl cellulose and liquid germall plus and PE gel consisting of 0.1% extract incorporated into base gel (data shown in TableB) were prepared. In addition, extract at the greatest tested concentration significantly suppressed the melanin content and the melanogenic enzyme activities greater than sinapic acid and kojic acid. In aging skin, the increased expression of MMPs results in the breakdown of fibrils, including collagen, gelatin, and elastin, and subsequently causes skin laxity and wrinkles. Its native range is tropical and southern Asia. Shornur Road, The variation in content and phenolic acids in plant may be influenced by the difference in genetic, maturity, stages and agronomic conditions, and activity of polyphenoloxidase enzyme among the plant cultivars.33. Fruit, root, bark, leaf, seed. In contrast, cells treated with antioxidants exhibited the greater cell viabilities than oxidative control. Emblica officinalis) colloquially known as the Indian gooseberry (English), amalaka (Sanskrit), and amla (Hindi) is an important deciduous tree.This plant belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and was originally native to India but is today found growing in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Srilanka, Southeast Asia China, and Malaysia (Krishnaveni and Mirunalini, 2010). Topical gel containing extract was also prepared and performed the safety test. Emblica officinalis), the Indian gooseberry, or aamla, is a deciduous tree of the Phyllanthaceae family. Skin color was determined by 2 devices, including Chromameter CR 400 measured by the CIE Lab color system and Mexameter MX 18 measured by the narrow-band simple reflectance meter. Phyllanthus emblica L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant species. Amalaki can be used in the effective treatment of diseases like Diabetes, Fever, Anaemia, Jaundice, Bleeding disorders, Hiccough, Arthritis, etc. General Information. Human skin fibroblasts were seeded and incubated overnight. Regarding the inter-individual variability, all volunteers were randomly assigned to apply two formulations, base and PE gel, to each half of their faces twice daily after face cleansing in morning and evening for 84 consecutive days. The improved skin hydration in both mild and moderate aging groups were observed when treated with base and PE gels. Email. Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) branch has shown several benefits, but not the anti-skin aging. Kanlayavattanakul M., Lourith N., Chaikul P. Jasmine rice panicle: a safe and efficient natural ingredient for skin aging treatments. emblica [16] 3.4. The fruit is up to 26mm (1.0in) in diameter, and, while the fruit of wild plants weigh approximately 5.5g (0.19oz), cultivated fruits average 28.4g (1.00oz) to 56g (2.0oz)[6]. Amla branch extract consisted of a variety of phenolics, mainly sinapic and ferulic acids, demonstrated the biological activities invitro, cellular, and clinical assays against skin aging. At the completion of study, the increased ITA was greater when treated with PE gel in both aging groups, but there was no statistical difference. Sourced from the tree of the family Phyllanthaceae, Phyllanthus Emblica has vitamin c and other properties that justify its usage in making shampoos, oils, conditioners, foods, cosmetic items . Mirobalanus embilica Burm. The leaves are lacy, giving the tree a delicate look. The branchlets are glabrous or finely pubescent, 10 . The tree has crooked trunk and spreading branches. Kanlayavattanakul M., Lourith N., Tadtong S., Jongrungruangchok S. Rice panicles: new promising unconventional cereal product for health benefits. The study protocol in healthy volunteers was followed the guidelines of Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by The Mae Fah Luang University Ethics Committee with registered approval no. Family Euphorbiaceae Genus Phyllanthus L. Species Phyllanthus Linn. Its native range is tropical and southern Asia. PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA SEEDS (20+ seeds) (Indian gooseberry, Emblica officinalis, Amla) - Plant World Seeds. Cells were harvested to perform each experiment in triplicate. Calasanti T., King N., Pietil I., Ojala H. Rationales for anti-aging activities in middle age: aging, health, or appearance? The concentration that was able to deactivate enzyme at 50% (IC50) was calculated. The record derives from WCSP (data supplied on 2012-03-23) which reports it as an accepted name (record 153790) with original publication details: Sp. Phyllanthus emblica Gaertn., 1791 L., 1753. The non-invasive instruments were employed to determine effects of gel application at baseline, and post-application at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days. Phyllanthus emblica is a deciduous Shrub growing to 15 m (49ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a slow rate. B16F10 melanoma cells (ATCC CRL-6475) and human skin fibroblasts (PromoCell at the 15th-18th passages) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution in a humidified incubator at 37C with 5% carbon dioxide. Whittemore E.R., Loo D.T., Watt J.A., Cotmans C.W. Both base and PE gels were performed the physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, and physical appearance, at initial and after stability test by 7 cycles of heating-cooling cycle.29. Abstract. The flowers are greenish-yellow. Krishnaveni M., Mirunalini S. Chemopreventive efficacy of, Vadde R., Radhakrishnan S., Eranda Karunathilake Kurundu H., Reddivari L., Vanamala J.K.P. Phyllanthus emblica, also known as emblic, emblic myrobalan, myrobalan, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, or amla from Sanskrit amalika is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. 1992. Topical gel containing extract was prepared and evaluated the skin irritation by a single closed patch test. Choi J.W., Kwon S.H., Huh C.H., Park K.C., Youn S.W. [email protected] $8.77 ($0.09/Count) Get it Jul 25 - 27 FREE Shipping. Amla flowers are small, greenish-yellow or pinkish. Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) is regarded as a minor environmental weed in the Northern Territory and as a "sleeper weed" or . The greatest noncytotoxic concentration of samples was added and incubated for 72h. The culture medium was collected to analyze the enzyme activity by SDS-PAGE zymography with gelatin as the substrate. Photo Gallery. The fruit is nearly spherical, light greenish-yellow, quite smooth and hard on appearance, with six vertical stripes or furrows. To evaluate the protective effect of antioxidant against free radical-induced cytotoxicity, cells were treated with extract, sinapic acid, and vitamin C prior to induction of cell damage. Intermediate shoots up to 20 cm long, solitary or fascicled, resembling pinnate leaves but usually floriferous towards the base, falling as a unit; short shoots not strongly developed. The results indicated that base and PE gels were nonirritating products with MII value of 0. Effect of cultivars, pretreatment and drying on physicochemical properties of Amla (. The fruit has one of the highest concentrations of Vitamin C (160 times more than apple) and thus is reputed as a strong antioxidant. Twenty healthy volunteers who had not shown skin reactions in safety test were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study. indicates the, Clinical anti-skin aging efficacy of base and PE gels: (a) skin color, (b) skin pigment, (c) skin elasticity, (d) skin wrinkle reduction, (e) skin hydration, and (f) subjective assessment at the completion of study period. The extract exhibited the potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities invitro assays and the melanin suppression through inhibition of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 activities, the strong antioxidant, and the potent matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cellular assays at 0.1mg/mL. (Gaertn.) Lee D.E., Huh C.-S., Ra J. The assay was consisted of melanin content measurement and activities of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2.28 Briefly, B16F10 melanoma cells were plated and treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of samples for 72h. Cells were then detached to determine melanin content and enzyme activities. The extraction was performed as previously described with some modification.11,22 The branches were cleansed and dried in hot air oven at 45 2C for 24h. The dried branches were ground and then macerated with 50% ethanol for 24h. The proportion of branch powder and solvent was 1:5 (w/v). Fruit a capsule, subglobose, dehiscing into 6 cocci, disc enlarged, fleshy, yellowish-green, indehiscent berry. [10], In Ayurveda, dried and fresh fruits of the plant are used as a common constituent. CAS Number: 90028-28-7. Since the cytotoxic concentration of treated samples influenced the anti-skin aging activity, the cytotoxicity assay was performed to obtain the noncytotoxic concentrations. [5] Amla Seeds (Emblica officinalis) Packet of 10 Seeds. The leaves are compound and look like feathers. The cell viabilities of 0.01mg/mL extract, sinapic acid, and vitamin C were 93.240.88, 95.896.52, and 93.484.33%, respectively, which were comparable to solvent control. Comparative study of herbal plants on the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and toxicity on cells and zebrafish embryo. [14] Amla also contains punicafolin and phyllanemblinin A, phyllanemblin other polyphenols, such as flavonoids, kaempferol, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. The separation conditions were optimized, and the polyphenol content, polyphenol components, antioxidant activity . Phyllanthus emblica is highly nutritious . Panwar R., Sharma A.K., Kaloti M., Dutt D., Pruthi V. Characterization and anticancer potential of ferulic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against ME-180 human cervical cancer cell lines. The skin elasticity analyzed by Dermalab USB elasticity probe measures the retraction time after skin stretched by pressure within the vacuum chamber in the device.53 The improved skin elasticity corresponds to the shorter retraction time. Appendix ASupplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.004. GUID:9FD0255B-AEEC-4CA8-A583-BE09EF6D1B6D. Emblica, along with two other plant species, is part of an Ayurvedic composite remedy called "Triphala". The leaflets are small, 0.5 to 1.6 cm long and 0.1 to 0.3 cm wide. According to the different ages of included volunteers, the analysis of clinical data was classified into 2 groups, including mild aging and moderate aging. Small to medium in size tree. Local name: Amla, goose berry, Usiri. Ships from and sold by wiccanherbmaster. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5. Male and female flowers are carried separately on the same branch. The safety test was performed by a single closed patch application.29 The samples, including base gel, PE gel, and deionized water, were applied to the volar forearm of volunteers for 24h. After patch removal, the skin reaction, which was assessed at 30min and 24h, was focused on degree of skin erythema and edema, and graded as following score: 0=no reaction, 0.5=very slight reaction (barely visible), 1.0=slight reaction, 2.0=obvious reaction, and 3.0=significant reaction. The ethanolic extract of amla branch and its fractions exhibit the potent cytotoxicity against cancerous cells, including human leukemia (HL-60) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (SMMC-7721) cells.20 The branch extract also possesses the protective effect on testicular damage in valproic acid-induced rats,21 the antioxidant, the anti-melanogenesis, the anti-inflammatory, the anti-microbial, and the antimutagenic activities invitro and cellular assays.19,22 According to literature, the free radicals and inflammation play the important role in skin aging via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby resulting in the degradation of connective tissue, tissue remodeling, and processes that orchestrate many of the degenerative processes associated with aging.23 However, the efficacy of amla branch extract against skin aging has not been reported so far. However, the slight difference in the overall satisfaction score among base and PE gels may be due to the slight changes in skin conditions that were unnoticeable by volunteers perception. Almost all parts of the tree i.e., root, bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed . The tree is small to medium in size, reaching 8 to 18 m in height, with a crooked trunk and spreading branches. indicates the significant difference from the baseline (p<0.05, p<0.001). The results showed that the overall satisfaction scores for PE gel were 4.000.26 and 4.300.21 in the mild and moderate aging groups, respectively. Hu F. Theophylline and melanocyte-stimulating hormone effects on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and DOPA reactions in cultured melanoma cells. of the Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae) family in Indian gooseberry fruit 'Amla or Amlaki . Flowers unisexual, greenish-yellow, densely clustered in leaf axils. Family. Free and bound phenolic antioxidants in amla (, Pientaweeratch S., Panapisal V., Tansirikongkol A. Antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities of, Sripanidkulchai B., Junlatat J. Bioactivities of alcohol based extracts of, Qi W.-Y., Li Y., Hua L., Wang K., Gao K. Cytotoxicity and structure activity relationships of phytosterol from, Sripanidkulchai B., Fangkrathok N. Antioxidant, antimutagenic and antibacterial activities of extracts from. Wilkes M., Wright C.Y., du Plessis J.L., Reeder A. Fitzpatrick skin type, individual typology angle, and melanin index in an African population: steps toward universally applicable skin photosensitivity assessments. This is illustrated in the Ashokavadana in the following verses: "A great donor, the lord of men, the eminent Maurya Ashoka, has gone from being lord of Jambudvipa [the continent] to being lord of half a myrobalan". Chen, K. (1952). The following is/are the supplementary data to this article: aSchool of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand, bPhytocosmetics and Cosmeceuticals Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand. Phyllanthus emblica L., universally known as 'Amla' or 'Aonla' or 'Indian gooseberry', is a popular fruit tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and order Geraniales. indicates the significant difference from the control (p<0.05, p<0.001). 5.00 - 270.00. 6. Indian Ministry of Health and Family Planning. Traditionally, Phyllanthus was thought to have cooling, astringent and drying properties, and was used to stimulate hair growth by nourishing the hair and scalp and even preventing prematurely graying hair. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Phyllanthus has a remarkable diversity of growth forms including annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, climbers, floating aquatics, and pachycaulous succulents.Some have flattened leaflike stems called cladodes. The significant improvement in skin elasticity after PE gel treatment was found after 28 days of application in both mild (p=0.016) and moderate (p=0.035) aging groups. [9], The amla fruit is eaten raw or cooked into various dishes, such as dal (a lentil preparation) and amle ka murabbah, a sweet dish made by soaking the berries in sugar syrup until they are candied. Phyllanthus emblica Taxonomy ID: 296036 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid296036) current name. Jariya Somkumnerd: Methodology, Software, Investigation. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T149444430A149548926.en, "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species", "Phyllanthus emblica L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science", Buddha: His Life, His Teachings, His Order: Together with the History of the Buddhism, Manmatha Nath Dutt, Society for the resuscitation of Indian literature, 1901, p. 3, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phyllanthus_emblica&oldid=1118187376, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 16:56. Puxvadee Chaikul, Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul, [], and Nattaya Lourith. The cytotoxic concentration of 1mg/mL extract, sinapic acid, theophylline, and kojic acid resulted in the decreased cell viability to 16.670.20, 7.240.51, 67.040.69, and 71.021.69%, respectively, in B16F10 melanoma cells. It i. Aging in epidermal melanocytes: cell cycle genes and melanins. Cabanes J., Chazarra S., Garcia-Carmona F. KojicAcid, a cosmetic skin whitening agent, is a slow-binding inhibitor of catecholase activity of tyrosinase. A. PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT EXTRACT. The cytotoxicity of extract was in agreement with that of sinapic acid, a main component in extract. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Its small leaves are arranged in two rows at the end of the . After 72h, cells were fixed and stained with SRB. Phyllanthus mimosifolius Salisb. Phyllanthus emblica or Indian Gooseberry is a species commonly known for its fruit called Amla. Indian gooseberry. You may switch to Article in classic view. and indicate the significant difference at p-value<0.05 and 0.001, respectively. Chen C. Sinapic acid and its derivatives as medicine in oxidative stress-induced diseases and aging. The flowers are greenish-yellow. Edited by D. R. Shackleton Bailey, with an introduction, English translation and notes. Phyllanthus emblica L., also known as Indian gooseberry, or Amla belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Leaves simple, alternate. Fig. Phyllanthus emblica, also known as emblic, [2] [4] emblic myrobalan, [2] myrobalan, [4] Indian gooseberry, [2] [4] Malacca tree, [4] or amla, [4] from the Sanskrit ( malak ), is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The phyllanthus emblica tea effervescent tablet is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15 to 35 percent of phyllanthus emblica fine powder, 10 to 25 percent of tartaric acid, 10 to 25 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 1 to 10 percent of Pu'er tea powder, 30 to 45 . A monoecious glabrous or pubescent deciduous tree, up to 15-20 in. The assay was performed in triplicate.30. exigua (leaf spot); Indarbela quadrinotata (bark eating caterpillar) Minor host of: Aspergillus niger (black mould of onion); Biston . The anti-inflammation and antioxidant of sinapic acid together with other phenolics, including quercetin, ferulic, p-coumaric, and gallic acids, are associated with the inhibition of MMP gene expression, resulting in prevention of enzyme substrate.17,23,29,47,49. The cellular antioxidant was evaluated as previous method.28 Briefly, human skin fibroblasts were seeded and treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of samples. Additionally, volunteers in the moderate aging group significantly noted the change in skin color after PE gel application, thereby leading to the greater skin brightening score than base gel in the subjective assessment. Aguilar-Hernndez I., Afseth N.K., Lpez-Luke T., Contreras-Torres F.F., Wold J.P., Ornelas-Soto N. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of phenolic antioxidants: a systematic evaluation of ferulic acid, Mishra P., Dutta N., Mahanta C.L. The mean irritation index (MII) of each sample was calculated and degree of irritation was categorized based on the MII value as nonirritating (MII<0.2), slightly irritating (0.2MII<0.5), moderately irritating (0.5MII<1), and strongly irritating (MII1). [5] Amla is a small to medium sized deciduous tree, reaching 8 to 18 m in height, which is known for its edible fruit of the same name. Phyllanthus emblica Family name: EUPHORBIACEAE English name: Amla: Sinhala name: Nelli () Tamil name: Topu Nelli: Sanskrit name: Available soon Conservation status: Vulnerable (NCS) 2012 Description: Deciduous tree to 15 m high, moecious; leaves on the main branches reduced to scales. of three independent experiments. Clinical evidence of effects of, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.004, Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g extract). Distribution: Distributed in the tropical parts of India, Cultivated for fruits and it is also found in wild in forests. It is widely cultivated for its fruits throughout its natural area of distribution, particularly in India, and also in the Mascarene Islands (Runion, Mauritius), the West Indies(Cuba, Trinidad), Central America (Honduras, Costa Rica), and the West Indies and Japan. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. At the completion of study, the skin wrinkle reduction in PE gel were greater than base gel, but there was no significant difference. 982 1753. The zymographic bands were determined with the Bio-Rad Gel Doc Imaging System. Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul: Methodology, Investigation, Writing-review and editing.
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